The Great Hūṃ

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"Śāntideva’s Way of the Bodhisattva is venerated by teachers of all the Tibetan schools, and many scholars have written commentaries on it. When I received teachings on the Way of the Bodhisattva from Khunu Rinpoché, he often mentioned the excellent commentary by Minyak Kunzang Sönam, a disciple of Jamyang Khyentsé Wangpo. I welcome this translation of that text into English.”—His Holiness the Dalai Lama

“The famous commentary of the Way of the Bodhisattva, known as “the great hūṃ,” has been translated from Tibetan into English, and is available to great scholars, East and West, all over this wide world. I rejoice in this again and again, offering many flowers of the petals of my ten fingers on the crown of my head. Most of the meanings presented in this commentary by the scholar from Minyak, Künzang Sönam, are the oral transmission of Dzokchen Patrul Rinpoché. He received teachings on the Way of the Bodhisattva from Patrul Rinpoché many times, and this commentary is a compendium of hundreds of texts. So, I think there are unsurpassed benefits for those who read this: such as the precious spirit of awakening arising where it has not arisen, and where it has arisen, not dissipating, but increasing further and further.”—Tuden Nyima (Alak Zenkar Rinpoché)

““As chaos and confusion become the central experience of so many people these days, it is imperative that we practitioners touch base again and again with the vast view and practices of Bodhicitta. Where better to turn but to Shantideva's sublime and poetic Bodhisattvacharya Avatara. This volume of Minyak Kunzang Sonam's commentary on the Way of the Bodhisattva, so masterfully translated by Prof. Duckworth, provides an easily accessible way for any of us, no matter our level of practice or study, to immerse ourselves in Shantideva's precious teachings. You can read this from cover to cover, or, as I often suggest, just open it to any page and start reading a few paragraphs. This is scholarship at its best: a thoroughly researched and highly readable book that can both delight academicians and inspire practitioners.”—Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse

“In the Way of the Bodhisattva, the great bodhisattva Śāntideva condensed the essential meanings of the three wheels of Dharma taught by our teacher, the complete and perfect Buddha. A scholar from Minyak, Kunzang Sönam, composed a great commentary on this good path that unites the method of great compassion—cherishing others more than oneself—with great wisdom, which is beyond the extremes of both existence and peace, pacifying all dualistic thoughts. I rejoice and offer flowers of praise that this has been translated into English by Professor Douglas Duckworth. I pray that this will help spread the wings of study and contemplation, by which the practice of meditation can reach the kingdom of previous victors.”—Chökyi Nyima Rinpoché

THE GREAT Hūṃ

A Commentary on Śāntideva's Way of the Bodhisattva

Douglas Duckworth Minyak Kunzang Sonam

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Śāntideva’s Way of the Bodhisattva (Bodhicaryāvatāra) is without a doubt one of the greatest masterpieces of Indian Buddhism and the single most influential text on Mahāyāna ethical theory. Since it was composed in around the eighth century, it has continuously animated the living tradition, especially in Tibet but now in the West as well, as more translations have become available. Its poetic evocations of the spirit of awakening allow readers to enter the mind of the bodhisattva. 

Its longest commentary in any language is the one translated here, by the nineteenth-century master Minyak Kunzang Sönam. It came to be known as the Great Hūṃ because it fills the entirety of the third or hūṃ volume of the author’s collected works. Citing hundreds of sūtras, he shows how Śāntideva’s verses are beautifully integrated within, and express, the Buddhist textual universe. In particular, he ties Śāntideva’s verses with the Anthology of Training, the thematic collection of scriptural citations also compiled by Śāntideva, creating a detailed tapestry of Mahāyāna thought and practice. This volume presents Kunzang Sönam’s commentary on the first eight chapters, detailing the generation of the spirit of awakening, the cultivation of positive qualities, and the practice of meditation. Embedded in the commentary is a fresh translation of Śāntideva’s verses, making this an unparalleled guide to appreciating their layers of meaning and applying them in one’s practice and life.

book information
  • Hardcover
  • 968 pages, 6 x 9 inches
  • $89.95
  • ISBN 9781614298731
about the author
The Great Hūṃ

Douglas Duckworth is a professor of religion at Temple University in Philadelphia. He received his PhD in religious studies (Indo-Tibetan Buddhism) from the University of Virginia in 2005, and he previously taught at Kathmandu University. He is the author of Mipam on Buddha-Nature: The Ground of the Nyingma Tradition (SUNY 2008), Jamgon Mipam: His Life and Teachings (Shambhala 2011), and Tibetan Buddhist Philosophy of Mind and Nature (Oxford 2019). He has translated Kunzang Sonam’s overview of the ninth chapter of Shantideva’s Way of the Bodhisattva, entitled The Profound Reality of Interdependence (Oxford 2019), and Botrul’s Distinguishing the Views and Philosophies: Illuminating Emptiness in a Twentieth-Century Tibetan Buddhist Classic (SUNY 2011). He is a coauthor of Dignaga’s Investigation of the Percept (Oxford 2016) and Knowing Illusion (2 vols., Oxford 2021). In addition to publishing numerous scholarly articles, Duckworth has coedited (with A. Velez and E. Harris) Buddhist Responses to Religious Diversity: Theravada and Tibetan Perspectives (Equinox 2020) and (with Jonathan Gold) Readings of Shantideva’s Guide to Bodhisattva Practice (Columbia 2019).

The Great Hūṃ

Minyak Kunzang Sonam, a.k.a. Tupten Chökyi Drakpa (1823–1905), hailed from eastern Tibet and was a prominent student of the celebrated Patrul Rinpoche (1808–87) and a great scholar in his own right. He was a truly nonsectarian figure, drawing on the wisdom of all the Tibetan Buddhist traditions. A translation of his commentary on Tokme Zangpo’s Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas was published as Uniting Wisdom and Compassion.

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